Russian Scientists Develop 3D Model to Combat Lung Diseases

The intelligent system maps how dangerous particles travel through the respiratory system, helping predict occupational illnesses and improve protective measures.

Researchers at Perm Polytechnic University, in collaboration with the Federal Scientific Center for Medico-Prophylactic Technologies, have developed an innovative 3D model that precisely simulates how harmful particles penetrate and spread through the human respiratory system.

The model builds on a mathematical framework created by the same team and incorporates CT scan data. It replicates the function of the entire respiratory system — from the nasopharynx to the alveoli — factoring in the movement of the chest and diaphragm.

Early findings are striking. The simulations reveal that cement dust particles and mold spores accumulate in the nasopharynx at rates of 53–86%, while smaller particles penetrate deeper and trigger serious conditions. For example, quartz dust of a certain size can cause silicosis, an incurable occupational disease.

Cigarette and wildfire smoke, heavy metals from vehicle exhaust, and coal dust in mines were all found to reach the lower bronchi, contributing to occupational bronchopulmonary disorders, according to the Science Russia portal.

Insights from the 3D model will help forecast the development of work-related lung diseases and enhance safety protocols in hazardous industries. The technology also paves the way for more effective personal protective equipment.