Russian Scientists Use Seismic Analysis Underground for the First Time

The breakthrough method can detect hidden hazards in rock formations, helping prevent accidents in tunnels, subways, and mines.

For the first time, Russian researchers have successfully applied multichannel analysis of surface seismic waves to study underground structures — a method previously used only above ground. The pilot tests took place in an abandoned tunnel in the Kemerovo region, proving the approach can now be used to monitor active facilities.

Traditionally, tunnel and mine construction relies on borehole sampling to assess surrounding rock conditions. But this technique can miss dangerous voids, cracks, or waterlogged zones that threaten structural integrity. By “scanning” the rock mass around a tunnel, the adapted seismic method reveals hidden weaknesses before they cause trouble.

The team tested the system in the long-closed Artyshta–Tomusinskaya tunnel, shut down years ago due to water intrusion. Using a vibration source and specialized sensors, they recorded seismic waves and processed the data via f–k transformation (SFK).

The results showed sections where the concrete lining failed to bond tightly with the rock, as well as areas of loosened material and cracks allowing water seepage. The findings confirm that seismic surveying tools designed for surface work can perform just as effectively underground.

Researchers say the technology could play a critical role in safety monitoring for operational tunnels, metro systems, and mining operations — a significant step forward for engineering geophysics in Russia.