Russia Moves to Legalize Self-Driving Vehicles on Public Roads
A new transport ministry bill would establish nationwide rules for autonomous cars, define liability, and pave the way for large-scale deployment by 2027.
Russia’s Ministry of Transport has drafted a federal bill that would, for the first time, set unified rules for the use of highly automated vehicles on public roads. The proposed law defines how autonomous cars can legally operate across the country and how responsibility is assigned in the event of accidents. The document has been published on the federal portal for draft regulations, with public discussion open until February 18.
From Pilot Programs to a Legal Framework
The bill marks a shift from experimental regimes to a full legal framework. Under the proposal, autonomous vehicles would be allowed to operate legally across Russia’s entire road network, including highways and tram lines. The legislation introduces strict requirements for vehicle operators, remote support systems, and safety protocols.
Remote Oversight Is Mandatory
Vehicles with Level 4 and Level 5 autonomy would be permitted to operate in fully automated mode only if they are continuously connected to a remote support service. Human operators would monitor vehicle behavior in real time and be able to adjust routes or trigger protective maneuvers in critical situations.
Insurance, Black Boxes, and Emergency Stops
The bill also outlines a set of mandatory technical requirements. Autonomous vehicles would need to be registered in a state registry, equipped with the ERA-GLONASS emergency system, and fitted with data recorders—essentially automotive “black boxes.” Each vehicle would also be required to carry a valid mandatory liability insurance policy and be capable of coming to an immediate and safe stop in the event of a system failure or loss of connectivity.
Who Is Responsible When Something Goes Wrong
One of the bill’s core elements is the allocation of liability. If an accident occurs due to a failure of the automated driving system, responsibility would fall on the software developer. If the incident results from improper operation, outdated software, or unauthorized interference, liability would rest with the vehicle owner or the organization operating the autonomous system.
The law is expected to take effect on September 1, 2027. Officials say it could play a key role in enabling widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles in Russia, potentially reducing traffic accidents, speeding up freight delivery, and stimulating growth in technology and IT services tied to the transport sector.
